...and even Schopenhauer was ruled in the end not by his head, but by his dog. —Thomas Bernhard




"The wrinkles and creases in our faces are the registration of the great passions, vices, insights, that called on us; but we, the masters, were not home."
Walter Benjamin, 'The Image of Proust'



I've finally gotten my grubby paws on that Brassier book (bookshops should really look into their security arrangements - there are some unscrupulous bastards about).

And yes, I completely misunderstood the chapter which I'd already read. Dear oh dear. Well at least I can admit to fucking up; that's what this learning malarky is supposed to be about. Though it's a little bit sad that I have needlessly alienated the few friends I have left on t'internet.
I've only read a few pages of the text, and it looks like it's going to be an absorbing, if difficult, read.



I would like to respond to some of the comments I've received.

This from Montserrat Lombard: "In precisely what sense are Brassier's "diatribes against the 'manifest image'" ... "desperate to the point of absurdity"?"

Brassier describes phenomenology, existentialism, hermeneutics, post-structuralism, critical theory and anglo-american philosophy: "What all these philosophies share is a more or less profound hostility to the idea that the scientific image describes 'what there really is' [...]" (p7)
Now this strikes me as a purposely provocative claim, which is bound to be met with contemptuous laughter - which Brassier presumably intends to silence somewhere in the book. 'Desperation' is not quite the right way to describe it I admit, since there is a calculated polemical function to such a claim (and I'm sure I noticed a few more such instances of rhetoric).

And Lombard is right when he asks: "and to the extent that you attempt to challenge Brassier's case in any way, in what sense does it hinge upon Churchland's Pragmatism, given Brassier's merciless demolition of such a position throughout the course of that chapter?"

Most of the weaknesses in the chapter come from Sellars and Churchland. Brassier's analysis of Churchland is incisive and penetrates deep into the Churchland weltanschauung. I am irritated because Brassier spends so much time with these people (hence my little analogy at the end of the last post). Sellars tries to outline some kind of universal picture of how we, as humans, see ourselves, but this is absolutely ridiculous. Sellars has obviously never read The Man Without Qualities.

Thought, philosophy, consists in fighting against the tyranny of ordinary language and 'commonsense' conceptions; two great obstacles on the path to truth. No sane continentalist would ever have anything to do with folk psychology, nor can I see how the manifest image is relevant at all. We all know that we are not rational agents in any straightforward sense; that the body fucks around with our mind, that the sub-conscious is up to no good, that the medicine we're on puts us in a bad mood.

Lombard is right, and I should have been clearer about who I am challenging. I can see that Brassier attacks Churchland on the pragmatism issue, but he's pissing in the wind because Churchland sets his Eliminative Materialism up by destroying an analytic straw-man: folk psychology.

As for devilish Damian's comment, I needn't say much. I don't see how anyone could mistake this post for anything other than what it is (yeah, yeah, haha 'the rantings of an unhinged mind' very funny). The post is clearly attempting - failing - to be humourous. This is a blog after all, not some authoritative site such as, erm, wikipedia.

Although I've had a rough week, and happen to be feeling particularly irritable and perverse, I have looked over my previous post and substantially agree with the position I set out there. Perhaps I don't understand what Brassier is doing, because at the end of that chapter I felt that I must be living on a different planet. Why the scientific image? Why the third person? Surely these are not places where thought is to be found...



The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;
The winds that will be howling at all hours,
And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers,
For this, for everything, we are out of tune;
It moves us not.--Great God! I'd rather be
A pagan suckled in a creed outworn;
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.
-William Wordsworth
The first chapter of Ray Brassier's new book is online (links found here) and I have heard some good things about it...
The end of the chapter promises exciting developments later in the book, for example: "The philosophical consumation of Enlightenment consists in expediting science's demolition of the manifest image by kicking away whatever pseudo-transcendental props are being used to shore it up or otherwise inhibit the corrosive potency of science's metaphysical subtractions." (p26)
However, most of the online material is devoted to Churchland's Eliminative Materialism and a heap of rhetoric equating the entire life of the mind - and with it, culture - to folk psychology. Brassier's diatribes against the 'manifest image' are desperate to the point of absurdity.
Something is terribly wrong here. To begin with, the Sellars distinction between manifest image and scientific image is woefully inadequate, since there is a vast gap into which something like a 'literary image' should fit. Folk psychology is at base just a poor quality scientific theory which shares the same assumptions as most scientific theories which attempt to deal with that most complicated phenomenon, the human. Here is Churchland: "'Folk psychology' denotes the pre-scientific, commonsense conceptual framework that all normally socialized humans deploy in order to comprehend, predict, explain and manipulate the behaviour of humans and the higher animals." (p11. My italics. Note that 'deploy' is a term often used for military purposes.)
If, as Brassier has Churchland saying, truth-as-correspondence is abandoned, then the whole theory turns on evolution as teleology; that is to say, Churchland requires, or assumes, that humans behave as if they are living in a world of abject survival. If that were the case, what matters is our ability to understand and master nature and others around us. Thus it seems that Churchland himself can accept the congruity between quantum physics and wielding hammers which Brassier cannot (on p8).
So perhaps consciousness was 'selected' because it made for more sophisticated responses to danger. But times have changed. Living in our society slackens the life-or-death tension in all of us, effecting both a blossoming of feckless idiots and the rare flowering of those subtle souls whose inner life has transcended the survivalist thinking of their predecessors. The demystification that neuroscience will complete spells the end of passion and thought for those who already have none.
There are multifarious, often perverse joys to be found in the first-person perspective, a perspective which certainly does not function according to propositional logic (that some thoughts or feelings are propositional well explains why we can be confounded by the illogic of our own minds'). If the 'manifest image' is not as it should be, the thoughtful among us will not be oppressed by this image and its inadequacies, but will subvert the available language to serve our own purposes. As for the man-in-the-street, his thinking is so filled with muddled pseudo-science that 'his' manifest image is now only a faint shadow of the scientific image.
So although absorptions, subordinations and fusions can be conceived of regarding the manifest and scientific images, they cannot properly be understood to relate to first- and third-person points of view - although technoscientific capitalism is making great progress on behalf of the third-person by ensuring everybody is alienated from themselves - and it is the possibility of diminishing the import of the first-person perspective that Brassier appears to be concerned with.
Nevertheless, his aims sound genuinely interesting, especially since many of my projects (Bergson, Adorno etc) consist in knocking phenomenology down and seeing if it gets up again. But the days of the Cartesian subject are over. It is now the world which promises - or is made to promise - unrestricted access, whilst the windows of the mind have been frosted into opacity by, most notably, those infamous masters of suspicion. The inward enquiry is no longer a search for answers; only problems, mysteries, issue from those murky depths. Thoughts, drives, emotions, willings, reflections, feelings, passions: these give to thought.
To conclude: in short, the chapter feels a bit like hiring a prostitute then having to accompany her for the last three hours of her shift as a carer for the mentally ill, before seeing a return on one's investment.


More Musil

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"The prevailing system was that of reality, and it was just like a bad play. It's not for nothing that we speak of a 'theatre of world events' - the same roles, complications, and plots keep turning up in life. People make love because there is love to be made, and they do it in the prevailing mode; people are proud as the Noble Savage, or as a Spaniard, a virgin, or a lion; in ninety out of a hundred cases even murder is committed only because it is perceived as tragic or grandiose. [...] Seen in this light, history arises out of routine ideas, out of indifference to ideas, so that reality comes primarily of nothing being done for ideas."
Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities p395.
It appears that what is at stake here is one's self-understanding. We are limited in what we do not so much by the fact that an outcome is conceivable or not, but by whether it is comprehensible. The true value of art, literature and avant-garde cinema can only be seen in this light. When one cultivates more subtle or nuanced ways of perceiving oneself, the possibilities for action - that is, our potential - begin to broaden.


The essay

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"The accepted translation of 'essay' as 'attempt' contains only vaguely the essential allusion to the literary model, for an essay is not a provisional or incidental expression of a conviction capable of being elevated to a truth under more favourable circumstances or of being exposed as an error (the only ones of that kind are those articles or treatises, chips from the scholar's workbench, with which the learned entertain their special public); an essay is rather the unique and unalterable form assumed by a man's inner life in a decisive thought.
[...]
There have been more than a few such essayists, masters of the inner hovering life, but there would be no point in naming them. Their domain lies between religion and knowledge, between example and doctrine, between amor intellectualis and poetry; they are saints with and without religion, and sometimes they are also simply men on an adventure who have gone astray."
Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities p273.



A world first: screenplay published exclusively on facebook!

Respected academic: "Perfect!!! Sleepily leaving for airport: "tomorrow, tomorrow, i love ya - tomorrow, you're only a day away"!!! xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
Nubile young student: "Did you know that they make Belgian chocolates in Belgium? xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

[...]

Academic: "Great news darling. I'm promoted to improvers spelling. There's a course up in York this weekend and apparently the teacher's a real babe. They also do a basic arithmetic class to help with things like counting letters in names: e.g. bill and mark each have four! I'm almost on my way!!! XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

Student: "Hope your meeting goes well darling and thanks for calling just now. Have a great meal tonight with Jez and i'll see you as soon as I possibly can!! xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Academic: "Thanks lovely, it went well, although the usual hot air balloon was working overtime. Do let me know when you know when you'll be heading south. I'm SO looking forward to seeing you!! XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"



"Apropos of the bicycle: 'Actually one should not deceive oneself about the real purpose of the fashionable new mount, which a poet the other day referred to as the horse of the Apocalypse'"
Walter Benjamin, citing L'Illustration in The Arcades Project p97.

"But just then Ulrich suddenly read somewhere, like a premonitory breath of ripening summer, the expression 'the racehorse of genius.' It stood in the report of a sensational racing success, and the author was probably not aware of the full magnitude of the inspiration his pen owed to the communal spirit. But Ulrich instantly grasped the fateful connection between his entire career and this genius among racehorses. For the horse has, of course, always been sacred to the cavalry, and as a youth Ulrich had hardly ever heard talk in barracks of anything but horses and women. He had fled from this to become a great man, only to find that when, as a result of his varied exertions he perhaps could have felt within reach of his goal, the horse had beaten him to it."
Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities p41-42.


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